ANATOMI TEORI HEGEMONI ANTONIO GRAMSCI
Abstract
Antonio Gramsci adalah seorang intelektual besar di kalangan kaum kiri, yang disebut sebagai pemikir terbesar setelah Karl Marx. Pemikiran-pemikiran Gramsci tertuang dalam banyak artikel yang dimuat di media massa, dan dalam buku-buku karyanya seperti; Prison Notebook, The Modern Prince and Other Political Writing, Selection from the Prison Notebooks, Letters from Prison, Selection from Political Writing, Selection from Cultural Writing, dan sebagainya.
Dari seluruh karya dan tulisannya, hegemoni dinilai sebagai ide sentral dan orisinal yang dikembangkan Gramsci. Teori Hegemoni dipandang telah membawa perubahan besar dan menimbulkan perdebatan pemikiran atas teori-teori perubahan sosial, terutama bagi yang menghendaki perubahan radikal dan revolusioner.
Konsep-konsep pemikiran Gramsci tentang hegemony, civil society, political society, counter hegemony, war of position, war of movement, intelectual organik dan perannya dalam transformasi sosial, adalah gagasan-gagasan yang dinilai brilian, dan memberi sumbangan penting pada perkembangan teori-teori sosial, dan menumbuhkan kesadaran politik kritis. Konsep pemikirannya tentang hegemoni juga mendorong perumusan kembali watak kelas, kekuatan-kekuatan sosial dan makna sejati dari kekuasaan dan dominasi. Hal-hal inilah yang antara lain mendasari penulisan artikel ini.
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