Transformasi Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah: Analisis Komparatif Pergeseran Epistemologi Klasik–Kontemporer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35457/4f6qtq93Keywords:
Maqāṣid Al-Sharī‘ah, Klasik, Kontemporer, Analisis KomparatifAbstract
Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini adalah perkembangan konsep maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah dari periode klasik hingga kontemporer dengan menekankan pergeseran paradigma epistemologis, metodologis, dan aplikatif. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis komparatif, kajian ini menelusuri bagaimana pemikir klasik seperti al-Ghazālī dan al-Shāṭibī merumuskan kerangka maqāṣid yang berpusat pada perlindungan lima kebutuhan dasar manusia (al-ḍarūriyyāt al-khams) serta struktur hirarkis yang mengatur prioritas hukum. Sementara itu, pemikir kontemporer seperti Ibn ‘Āshūr, Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī, Jasser Auda, dan Ahmad al-Raysūnī menawarkan perluasan maqāṣid ke dalam bidang keadilan sosial, hak asasi manusia, tata kelola negara, dan etika modern melalui pendekatan interdisipliner dan analisis kontekstual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya titik temu berupa komitmen bersama pada kemaslahatan manusia, serta titik beda dalam lingkup tujuan, metode pembacaan realitas, dan orientasi aplikatif. Kesimpulannya, integrasi antara fondasi klasik dan rekonstruksi kontemporer diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa maqāṣid tetap relevan dan adaptif terhadap tantangan zaman modern.
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