An analysis of English Materials for Effective Communication as Tour Guides
Abstract
Effective speaking skills are essential for a tour guide to provide a satisfying experience to international tourists. This research is an effort to meet the need for teaching materials for English speaking skills that are suitable for tour guides. This research uses the Research & Development method which is carried out in three stages; namely the exploration stage, prototype development stage, and expert validation stage. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and expert assessment. The data was then analyzed using descriptive-qualitative and interactive analysis. The research results show that English teaching materials for tour guides are really needed. The materials required include daily conversation, focus on speaking skills, an informal class atmosphere, and no homework. Meanwhile, at the principle stage, the guideline for preparing English language skills teaching materials is that this approach must be student-centered. Tour guides' intrinsic motivation needs to be taken into account, materials should provide input that is comprehensible but also challenging, recycling of target language knowledge needs to be done regularly Lastly, the importance of teaching intercultural competence cannot be ignored, preparing tour guides to communicate with tourists from various backgrounds culture. These findings recommend that English language materials for tour guides be implemented immediately to provide excellent service to international tourists.
Downloads
References
U. Khalid, L. E. Okafor, and O. I. Sanusi, “Exploring diverse sources of linguistic influence on international tourism flows,” J. Travel Res., vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 696–714, 2022.
T. Baum, “Skills and training for the hospitality sector: a review of issues,” J. Vocat. Educ. Train., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 343–364, 2002.
B. Weiler and K. Walker, “Enhancing the visitor experience: Reconceptualising the tour guide’s communicative role,” J. Hosp. Tour. Manag., vol. 21, pp. 90–99, 2014.
N. Zahedpisheh, Z. B. Abu Bakar, and N. Saffari, “English for Tourism and Hospitality Purposes (ETP).,” English Lang. Teach., vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 86–94, 2017.
T. Thitthongkam and J. Walsh, “Roles of language in tourism organisational management,” Asian J. Manag. Res., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 184–199, 2010.
A. S. Lo and C. Y. S. Lee, “Motivations and perceived value of volunteer tourists from Hong Kong,” Tour. Manag., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 326–334, 2011.
J. Lee, “Teacher as change agent: attitude change toward varieties of English through teaching English as an international language,” Asian Englishes, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 87–102, 2019, doi: 10.1080/13488678.2018.1434396.
E. Atilgan, S. Akinci, and S. Aksoy, “Mapping service quality in the tourism industry,” Manag. Serv. Qual. An Int. J., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 412–422, 2003.
I. A. M. S. Widiastuti, I. N. D. Astawa, I. B. N. Mantra, and P. H. Susanti, “The Roles of English in the Development of Tourism and Economy in Indonesia,” SOSHUM J. Sos. Dan Hum., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 305–313, 2021.
E. Cohen, “The tourist guide: The origins, structure and dynamics of a role,” Ann. Tour. Res., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 5–29, 1985.
J. Niemiec, “Needs analysis for a specialized learner population: A case study of learners from medical college,” Państwo i Społeczeństwo, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 71–84, 2016.
Z. A. Saber, “Needs-Based Approach to Teaching and Learning of English for Medical Sciences Purposes,” Int. J. Lang. Learn. Appl. Linguist. World, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 208–220, 2014.
R. West, “Needs analysis in language teaching,” Lang. Teach., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 1–19, 1994.
L. Flowerdew, “Devising and implementing a business proposal module: Constraints and compromises,” English Specif. Purp., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 108–120, 2010.
D. Sulaiman Al Jahwari, E. Sirakaya-Turk, and V. Altintas, “Evaluating communication competency of tour guides using a modified importance-performance analysis (MIPA),” Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 195–218, 2016.
E. B. Johnson, Contextual teaching and learning: What it is and why it’s here to stay. Corwin Press, 2002.
T. Hutchinson and E. Torres, “The textbook as agent of change,” 1994.
F. M. Karamouzian, “A post-use evaluation of current reading comprehension textbooks used in TEFL programs,” Iran. EFL J., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 24–62, 2010.
H. Masuhara, “Materials for developing reading skills,” Dev. Mater. Lang. Teach., pp. 340–363, 2003.
B. Tomlinson, “Materials development for language learning and teaching,” Lang. Teach., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 143–179, 2012.
J. C. Richards, “Curriculum approaches in language teaching: Forward, central, and backward design,” Relc J., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 5–33, 2013.
R. Berry, V. Berry, and D. Nunan, Language awareness in language education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies, The University of Hong Kong, 1995.
C. Islam and C. Mares, “Adapting classroom materials,” Dev. Mater. Lang. Teach., vol. 2, pp. 86–103, 2003.
M. Rahman, “English for Specific Purposes (ESP): A Holistic Review.,” Univers. J. Educ. Res., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 24–31, 2015.
K. Hyland, “English for specific purposes: Some influences and impacts,” in International handbook of English language teaching, Springer, 2007, pp. 391–402.
H. Kassim and F. Ali, “English communicative events and skills needed at the workplace: Feedback from the industry,” English Specif. Purp., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 168–182, 2010.
T. D. Evan and M. J. Jhon, “Development in ESP A Multi-Disciplinary Approach. First.” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
D. Bao, “Developing materials for speaking skills,” Dev. Mater. Lang. Teach., pp. 407–428, 2013.
H. Basturkmen, Developing courses in English for specific purposes. Springer, 2015.
H. D. Brown and H. Lee, Teaching principles. P. Ed Australia, 2015.
B. VanPatten and J. Williams, “Early theories in SLA,” in Theories in second language acquisition, Routledge, 2014, pp. 29–45.
R. Ellis, “Principles of instructed language learning,” System, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 209–224, 2005.
K. D. Vattøy, “Students’ perceptions of teachers’ feedback practice in teaching English as a foreign language,” Teach. Teach. Educ., vol. 85, pp. 260–268, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2019.06.024.
B. Kumaravadivelu, Beyond methods: Macrostrategies for language teaching. Yale University Press, 2003.
Copyright (c) 2024 Konstruktivisme : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
