PENAPISAN KETAHANAN EMPAT VARIETAS PADI TERHADAP PENYAKIT BUSUK PELEPAH FUSARIUM PROLIFERATUM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35457/045gbk83Keywords:
AUDPC, inokulasi, keparahan penyakit, laju infeksiAbstract
Penyakit busuk pelepah yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium proliferatum merupakan salah satu kendala penting pada budidaya padi karena dapat menurunkan jumlah serta mutu gabah dan berpotensi disertai cemaran mikotoksin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menapis dan mengevaluasi ketahanan empat varietas padi, yaitu Sunggal, SRP08, Memberamo, dan Padjajaran, terhadap infeksi F. proliferatum. Penelitian dilakukan melalui inokulasi buatan di rumah kasa, kemudian diamati gejala penyakit, keparahan penyakit, laju infeksi (r), dan Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). Data keparahan penyakit dianalisis menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh varietas memperlihatkan gejala khas busuk pelepah berupa bercak cokelat hingga kehitaman pada pelepah daun. Pada 15 hari setelah inokulasi, keparahan penyakit tertinggi terdapat pada Sunggal (100%), diikuti SRP08 (80%) dan Padjajaran (78%), sedangkan Memberamo menunjukkan keparahan terendah (41%). Nilai laju infeksi dan AUDPC selaras dengan keparahan penyakit, dengan nilai tertinggi pada Sunggal (r = 0,98; AUDPC = 888,9) dan terendah pada Memberamo (r = 0,74; AUDPC = 292,6). Berdasarkan kriteria ketahanan, Sunggal, SRP08, dan Padjajaran tergolong sangat rentan, sedangkan Memberamo tergolong rentan. Memberamo merupakan varietas dengan tingkat ketahanan relatif paling baik sehingga berpotensi dijadikan sumber ketahanan dalam program pemuliaan padi tahan busuk pelepah.
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