Optimasi Penetasan Ayam Kampung: Pengaruh Variasi Bobot Telur terhadap Fertilitas dan Daya Tetas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35457/aqjmex22Keywords:
ayam kampung, penetasan, bobot telur, fertilitas, daya tetasAbstract
Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui pengaruh bobot telur terhadap fertilitas dan daya tetas telur ayam kampung pada mesin tetas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Ternak Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman pada bulan Mei 2025. Telur ayam kampung dengan bobot 40–50 gram (P1) dan 50–60 gram (P2) masing-masing sebanyak 25 butir digunakan sebagai bahan penelitian. Telur diseleksi berdasarkan bentuk, kebersihan, dan keutuhan cangkang, kemudian dilakukan fumigasi terhadapa mesin tetas sebelum telur dimasukkan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap fertilitas dan daya tetas, dan data dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok telur bobot 40–50 gram, bobot telur berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap fertilitas dan daya tetas (p>0,05). Sementara itu, pada kelompok telur berbobot 50–60 gram, bobot telur berpengaruh nyata dengan arah hubungan negatif terhadap fertilitas dan daya tetas (p<0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan bobot telur cenderung menurunkan keberhasilan pembuahan dan penetasan akibat perubahan morfologi telur dan penurunan kualitas fisiologis embrio. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa telur dengan bobot sedang (40–50 gram) merupakan ukuran ideal untuk digunakan sebagai telur tetas ayam kampung guna memperoleh fertilitas dan daya tetas yang optimal.
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