POTENSI AGENSIA HAYATI DALAM MENEKAN LAJU SERANGAN PENYAKIT BLAS (Pyricularia oryzae) PADA TANAMAN PADI
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Keywords:
biological agents, PGPR, streptomyces, blast disease
Abstract
Blast disease is an important disease that affects many rice plants. Blasts can damage rice leaves (leaf blasts), nodes (node blasts), neck blasts, colar blasts and rice grains. Symptoms on the leaves are rhombic-shaped spots with a tapered tip. The center of the patch is gray surrounded by brown to reddish brown on the edge of the spot. The color of the spots at the beginning of the symptoms is white or gray, surrounded by green-brown. Based on market demand, agricultural products that are safe and healthy for consumers as well as environmentally friendly are increasing, therefore controlling plant pathogens by using antagonistic microorganisms is one of the ways that must be considered. A number of microbes have been widely tested and are quite effective in controlling plant pathogens. PGPR and Streptomyces are biological agents that are able to reduce the level of attack of plant diseases, especially in rice blast disease. This study used a comparative method between rice cultivation and biological agent applications and rice cultivation without biological agents or control plant applications. The results obtained indicate that the application of biological agents can reduce the percentage of disease severity, reduce the percentage of infected leaves, the biological agents are also able to extend the incubation period, increase plant height growth, number of tillers and also the number of grains per panicle.
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References
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Rahmawaty, Y. S. Sulandari dan S. Hartono. 2015. Respons lima varietas padi terhadap infeksi virus penyebab penyakit kerdil rumput (Rice Grassy Stunt Virus). PROSSEMNAS MASY BIODIV INDON.1(5): 1123-1126
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Saragih, F.J. 2009. Pengaruh Media Tanam dan Pemberian Mikoriza Vesikula Arbuskula (MVA) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Stump Mata Tidur Karet (Havea brasiliessis Muell.Arg.) [Skripsi]. Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan.
Soesanto L. 2008. Pengantar Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Tanaman. PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta. Sudir, A Nasution, Santoso, dan B Nuryanto. 2014. Penyakit blas Pyricularia grisea pada tanaman padi dan strategi pengendaliannya. Iptek Tanaman Pangan. 9(2): 85-96.
Suganda, T. 2016. Pentingnya penelitian tentang penaksiran kehilangan hasil akibat organisme pengganggu tanaman. [Abstract]. Seminar Plant Protection Day dan Seminar Nasional II, 20 Oktober 2016. Universitas Padjadjaran.
Supriadi. 2006. Analisis resiko agen hayati untuk pengendalian patogen tanaman. J. Litbang Pertanian 25(3):75-80.
Teale, W.D., I.A. Paponov, and K. Palme. 2006. Auxin in action: signalling, transport and the control of plant growth and development. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 7: 847-859.
Untung, 2006. Pengantar Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu, Gajah Mada University Press. Yoyakarta.
Vasudevan, P., S. Kavitha, V.B. Priyadarisini, L. Babujee, and S.S. Gnanamanickam. 2002. Biological control of rice diseases, pp. 11-32. In S.S. Gnanamanickam (Eds.). Biological Control of Crop Diseases. Marcel Dekker, New York. Swain, M.R., S.K. Naskar, and R.C. Ray. 2006. Indole-3-acetic acid production and effect on sprouting of yam (Dioscorea rotundata L.) minisetts by Bacillus subtilis isolated from culturable cowdung microflora. Polish J. Microbio. 56(2): 103-110.
Wang, X, S Lee, J Wang, J Ma, T Bianco, and Y Jia. 2014. Current advances on genetic resistance to rice blast disease. Chapter 7 in Rice-Germplam, Genetics and Improvement (W Yan and J Bao, eds.). Available online at: http://www.intechopen.com/books/rice-germplasm-genetics-and-improvement/ current-advances-on-genetic-resistance-to-rice-blast-disease. (diakses 2 September 2020).
Winarsih, S. dan Syafrudin. 2001. Pengaruh pemberian Trichoderma viride dan sekam padi terhadap penyakit rebah kecambah di persemaian cabai. J. Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 3(1):49-55.
Yuen GY, Schroth MN. 1986. Interactions of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain E6 with ornamental plant and its effect on the composition of root-colonizing microflora. Phytopathol 76: 176-180.
Andri C. 2004. Kajian potensi Streptomyces sp. PS1-4 sebagai penghasil senyawa bioaktif pengendali bakteri pathogen tanaman kedelai [skripsi]. Bogor: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Arwiyanto T, Asfanudin R, Wibowo A, Martoredjo T, Dalmadiyo G, 2007. Penggunaan Bacillus isolate local untuk menekan penyakit lincat tembakau Temanggung. Berkala Penelitian Hayati 13: 79-84
Compant S, Duffy B, Nowak J, Clement C, Barka EA. 2005. Use of plant growthpromoting bacteria for biocontrol of plant diseases: principles, mechanisms of action, and future prospects. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 (9): 4951–4959.
Faccini G, Garzon S, Martines M, Varela A. 2004. Evaluation of the effects of a dual inoculum of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Azotobacter chroococcum, in creolo potato (Papa “Criolla”) (Solanum phureya) var ‘Yema de Huevo’. www.ag.auburn.edu/ argentina/pdf.manuscripts/ faccini.pdf. Diakses tanggal 28 Desember 2012.
Hakkar, A.A., R. Ade dan M.D. Rahim. 2014. Pengendalian Penyakit busuk buah kakao Phytophthora palmivora dengan cendawan endofit Trichoderma asperllum. Jurnal Pitopatologi Indonesia. 10: 139-144.
Hidayat, I. 2012. Penyakit Blas (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) pada Tanaman Padi dan Pengandaliannya. BPTP. Kepulauan Bangka Belitung.
I. H. Purnomo and M. Si, Pengantar Pengendalian Hayati. Penerbit Andi, 2010.
Ifdal. 2003. Interaksi antara Streptomyces sp. dengan Bacillus subtilis, Xanthomonas campestris pv glycine, Rhizobia dan Pseudomonas sp. [skripsi]. Bogor: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
IRRI. 2010. Rice Blast. Rice Science for a Better World. Diunduh dari http://www. knoledgebank.irri.org/ tanggal 11 Nopember 2013.
Jumar. 2000. Entomologi Pertanian. Rineka Cipta. Jakarta.
Karnwal A. 2009. Production of indole acetic acid by fluorescent Pseudomonas in the presence of L-tryptophan and rice root exudates. J Plant Pathol 91: 61-63.
Kilian, U., B. Steiner, H. Krebs, G. Junge, Schmiedeknecht, and R. Hain. 2000. FZB24 Bacillus subtilis – mode of action of a microbial agent enhancing plant vitality. PflSchutz-Nachr, Bayer 111: 583-597.
Kloepper JW, Ryu CM, Zhang S. 2004. Induced systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth by Bacillus spp. Phytopathology 94: 1259- 1266.
L. Octriana, “Potensi agen hayati dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Phytium sp. secara in vitro,” 2018. Lestari Y. 2006. Identification of indigenous Streptomyces spp. producing antibacterial compound. J Mikrobiol Indones 11(2):99-101.
M. Novrika, “Uji Efikasi Biofungisida Bahan Aktif Trichoderma harzianum Terhadap Penyakit Blas (Phyricularia oryzae) pada Tanaman Padi di Lapangan,” 2019.
Mehrvraz S, Chaichi MR. 2008. Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and phosphorus chemical fertilizer on forage and garin quality of barley. American-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 3 (6): 855-860.
N. A. Sa’diyah, K. I. Purwani, and L. Wijayanti, “Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Bintaro (Cerbera odollam) terhadap Perkembangan Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura F.),” J. Sains Jadwal penelitian disusun dengan mengisi langsung tabel berikut dengan memperbolehkan penambahan baris sesuai banyaknya kegiatan. Daftar pustaka disusun dan ditulis berdasarkan sistem nomor sesuai dengan urutan pengutipan. Hanya pustaka yang disitasi pada usulan penelitian yang dicantumkan dalam Daftar Pustaka. dan Seni ITS, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. E111–E115, 2013.
N. M. Sari, R. KAWURI, and K. KHALIMI, “Streptomyces sp. sebagai biofungisida patogen Fusarium oxysporum (schlecht.) f. sp. lycopersici (sacc.) snyd. et hans. penyebab penyakit layu pada tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum l.),” Agrotrop J. Agric. Sci., vol. 2, no. 2, 2012.
N. Papuangan, “Aktivitas Penghambatan Senyawa Antimikroba Streptomyces spp. Terhadap Mikroba
Patogen Tular Tanah Secara In Vitro dan In Planta.” Tesis. IPB. Bogor. hal: 22, 2009.
P. Djojosumarto, Panduan Lengkap Pestisida & Aplikasinya. Agromedia, 2008.
Rahmawaty, Y. S. Sulandari dan S. Hartono. 2015. Respons lima varietas padi terhadap infeksi virus penyebab penyakit kerdil rumput (Rice Grassy Stunt Virus). PROSSEMNAS MASY BIODIV INDON.1(5): 1123-1126
S. Sudir, A. Nasution, S. Santoso, and B. Nuryanto, “Penyakit blas Pyricularia grisea pada tanaman padi dan strategi pengendaliannya,” Iptek Tanam. Pangan, vol. 9, no. 2, 2015.
Saragih, F.J. 2009. Pengaruh Media Tanam dan Pemberian Mikoriza Vesikula Arbuskula (MVA) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Stump Mata Tidur Karet (Havea brasiliessis Muell.Arg.) [Skripsi]. Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan.
Soesanto L. 2008. Pengantar Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Tanaman. PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta. Sudir, A Nasution, Santoso, dan B Nuryanto. 2014. Penyakit blas Pyricularia grisea pada tanaman padi dan strategi pengendaliannya. Iptek Tanaman Pangan. 9(2): 85-96.
Suganda, T. 2016. Pentingnya penelitian tentang penaksiran kehilangan hasil akibat organisme pengganggu tanaman. [Abstract]. Seminar Plant Protection Day dan Seminar Nasional II, 20 Oktober 2016. Universitas Padjadjaran.
Supriadi. 2006. Analisis resiko agen hayati untuk pengendalian patogen tanaman. J. Litbang Pertanian 25(3):75-80.
Teale, W.D., I.A. Paponov, and K. Palme. 2006. Auxin in action: signalling, transport and the control of plant growth and development. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 7: 847-859.
Untung, 2006. Pengantar Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu, Gajah Mada University Press. Yoyakarta.
Vasudevan, P., S. Kavitha, V.B. Priyadarisini, L. Babujee, and S.S. Gnanamanickam. 2002. Biological control of rice diseases, pp. 11-32. In S.S. Gnanamanickam (Eds.). Biological Control of Crop Diseases. Marcel Dekker, New York. Swain, M.R., S.K. Naskar, and R.C. Ray. 2006. Indole-3-acetic acid production and effect on sprouting of yam (Dioscorea rotundata L.) minisetts by Bacillus subtilis isolated from culturable cowdung microflora. Polish J. Microbio. 56(2): 103-110.
Wang, X, S Lee, J Wang, J Ma, T Bianco, and Y Jia. 2014. Current advances on genetic resistance to rice blast disease. Chapter 7 in Rice-Germplam, Genetics and Improvement (W Yan and J Bao, eds.). Available online at: http://www.intechopen.com/books/rice-germplasm-genetics-and-improvement/ current-advances-on-genetic-resistance-to-rice-blast-disease. (diakses 2 September 2020).
Winarsih, S. dan Syafrudin. 2001. Pengaruh pemberian Trichoderma viride dan sekam padi terhadap penyakit rebah kecambah di persemaian cabai. J. Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 3(1):49-55.
Yuen GY, Schroth MN. 1986. Interactions of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain E6 with ornamental plant and its effect on the composition of root-colonizing microflora. Phytopathol 76: 176-180.
Published
2020-11-11
How to Cite
Eka Kusumawati, D., & Istiqomah, I. (2020). POTENSI AGENSIA HAYATI DALAM MENEKAN LAJU SERANGAN PENYAKIT BLAS (Pyricularia oryzae) PADA TANAMAN PADI. VIABEL: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, 14(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.35457/viabel.v14i2.1235
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