Withdrawal of Manuscripts

Author is not allowed to withdraw submitted manuscripts, because the withdrawal is waste of valuable resources that editors and referees spent a great deal of time processing submitted manuscript, and works invested by the publisher.

Retraction Policy

Published articles may be retracted if:

1. There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of research misconduct (e.g., data fabrication) or honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error).

2. The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification (i.e., redundant publication).

3. The article constitutes plagiarism.

4. The article reports unethical research.

The Journal follows the retraction guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), available at: https://publicationethics.org/files/retraction%20guidelines.pdf.