First Aid Diagnosis Expert System Using the Certainty Factor Method

Accidents often occur suddenly and are not planned, which can result in injury. If an accident occurs, first aid must be carried out immediately before being given further assistance. The Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) is one of the institutions in Indonesia engaged in the health sector that can provide first aid in the event of an accident. However, often when an accident occurs, the victim is not immediately given help due to lack of information to the public. In this study, the authors made an application of the Certainty Factor method so that the public could recognize and know what to do with victims who had an injury or accident. This application is made to present the knowledge of an expert in approaching a problem, which is called an expert system. This expert system will display symptoms that can be selected according to the symptoms felt by the victim. The final results of this application obtained a value of 78% from the calculation using the Certainty factor method in bleeding diseases. From the tests carried out, it shows the beta test results obtained by a value of 58.25% indicating that the respondents strongly agree with the usefulness of the application system


INTRODUCTION
An accident is an unplanned and unwanted event that disrupts the process of a regulated activity. Accidents can cause losses such as injury, illness, or material damage. Accidents can happen anytime and anywhere such as on the road, at school, at work, even at home. Victims who have an accident or injury need immediate help from paramedics or doctors. However, sometimes the distance from the place where the accident or injury was injured is quite far from the clinic or hospital, while the victim must be treated immediately so as not to cause further injury or injury. Therefore, it is necessary to take temporary help and care for victims of accidents or injuries before getting more perfect help from doctors or JOSAR, Vol. Based on the problem, an expert system application program was designed that was able to help the community in learning some of the symptoms and first aid measures. By utilizing Website technology, this study aims to build a "First Aid Diagnosis Expert System Using the Certainty Factor Method" which can be used by users using web-based computer or mobile devices.

First Aid
According to Cecep (2014) first aid is an effort of temporary assistance and care for accident victims before receiving more perfect help from doctors or paramedics. This means that assistance is not a perfect treatment or handling, but is only in the form of temporary assistance carried out by P3K officers (medical officers or lay people) who saw first. [2]

Expert System
According to Sri Kusumadewi (2003) expert system is an artificial intelligence technique that tries to adopt human knowledge to computers to solve problems as is usually done by experts. A good expert system is designed to be able to solve a certain problem by imitating the work of the experts / experts. With this expert system, it can help the community in solving problems that actually can only be solved with the help of experts / experts. For experts, this expert system will also assist their activities as highly experienced assistants.

DFD (Data Flow Diagram)
Data flow diagrams (data flow diagrams -DFD) are diagrams that use symbols to present entities, processes, data flows, and data storage associated

ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram)
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a diagram used to design tables which will later be implemented in the database. ERD is formed based on 3 elements, namely entities, attributes and relationships (Feri and Fajri, 2015: 100). [6] JOSAR, Vol.

Testing
The test results in this study are the data validation test. As for more details, see  Based on the table above, accuracy testing has been carried out with 11 samples of disease data and the resulting accuracy value is 81.8% which indicates that this expert system is functioning properly according to expert diagnosis.

CONCLUSION
Based on the research and development of the application of the First Aid Diagnostic Expert System Using the Certainty Factor Method that has been done, it can be concluded that: 1. This expert system application is built in accordance with the system design that has been made including flow diagrams, DFD, ERD, and application display designs. Making this application using the PHP programming language.
2. The study has succeeded in designing and applying the certainty factor method to the Expert System for First Aid Diagnosis Using the Certainty Factor Method using 29 symptoms and 11 diseases.
3. From the test results to users and experts as many as 6 respondents consisting of 5 respondents from users and 1 respondent from experts covering aspects of system design obtained the highest value of 58.25% (Very Good), aspects of system suitability obtained the highest value of 54% (Good ), and the results of the validity test obtained a value of 81.8%.

SUGGESTION
Based on the results of the conclusions that have been described, the following suggestions can be taken: 1. It is necessary to periodically update the knowledge base.
3. Added additional features to make the application more attractive.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The reseachers would like to thank the community of Balitar Islamic University, especially the Informatics Engineering Study Program, the Information Technology Faculty, Indonesian Red Cross Blitar City, the parents and friends who have supported and motivated researchers to complete the article.