Application of Expert Systems to Determine I'rob Signs in a Kalimah Using the Forward Chaining Method

The existence of technology that is increasingly developing the teaching and learning process will be more efficient and maximized, by presenting an effective and fun learning method so that students or students will be more enthusiastic in learning. The Nasyrul Ulum Islamic Boarding School is one of the salafy Islamic boarding schools located in Modangan village, Nglegok District. In the Islamic boarding school environment, students are required to be able to read the yellow book or kitap without harokat. To find out the harokat, students must first understand the knowledge of nahwu so that we need a system that can help easily understand the science of nahwu, especially the signs of I'rob. The results to be obtained from this research are in the form of an expert system application to determine the I'rob sign by applying the Forward Chaining method. This application is expected to help and make it easier for students and application users to determine or understand the signs of I'rob in a sentence. From the results of expert validation testing by testing 51 rules and with 10 case examples, 100% valid data was obtained from experts who were familiar with the knowledge of nahwu chapter ‘alamatil I'rob by paying attention to the adjustment of certain explanations.


INTRODUCTION
Nahwu science is the knowledge that is used to read and interpret the yellow book. A very basic and important discussion chapter in nahwu lies in the I'rob chapter, where I'rob is one of the foundations in learning the science of nahwu. Pondok Pesantren Nasyrul Ulum is one of the Islamic boarding schools in Blitar Regency, East Java Province which requires students to understand the science of nahwu, especially the sign of I'rob. However, some students still have difficulty knowing or understanding the chapter of I'rob, especially when looking for the signs.
Based on these problems, there is a solution by making an application that can help students find and understand the I'rob sign. This application is made using a web programming language by implementing an expert system and using the forward chaining method for the flow of the system. Based on this description, the writer takes the title "Application of Expert Systems to Determine the Signs of I'rob Using the Forward Chaining Method".

RESEARCH METHOD 1. Expert System
Expert systems are systems that try to adopt human knowledge to computers, so that computers can solve problems as experts can. With this expert system, even ordinary people can solve quite complex problems which in fact can only be solved with the help of experts (Kusumadewi,2003). [1]

Forward chaining method
According to Irawan (2005). The forward chaining method is a method of the inference engine to start reasoning or tracking data from existing facts to a conclusion. [2] According to Wilson in Kusrini (2005) the forward chaining method is a method that uses a set of conditions-action rules. In this method, the interpreter convention matches the facts or statements in the database with the situations stated on the left side of the if rules. [3]

I'rob
I'rob is a change of the final kharokat in the sentence isim or fi'il which is caused by the amil-amil that is included in the sentence. Isim or fi'il that can change kharokat is finally called Mu'rob, while isim or fi'il that cannot change the sentence is finally called Mabni (Abu Yusuf A J,2018). [4]

Flowchart
Flowcharts are problem-solving steps that are written in the form of certain symbols that will show the flow of a program logically. Besides being needed as a communication tool, this flow chart is also needed as a documentation tool (Lamhot Sitorus, 2015:14). [5]

DFD (Data Flow Diagram)
Data flow diagrams (data flow diagrams -DFD) are diagrams that use symbols to present entities, processes, data flows, and data storage associated with a system. Entities in DFD are external objects in the system being modeled (Dewi dan Arnos, 2007:79). [6]

ERD (Entity Relation Ship)
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a diagram used to design tables which will be implemented in the database. ERD is formed based on 3 elements, namely entities, attributes and relationships (Feri dan Fajri, 2015:100).

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
1. Implementation. a. Dashboard. Figure 4 is the dashboard page when entering the application. The dashboard contains navigation buttons to start the system, calendar, number of mufrodhat or Arabic vocabulary, and several other features.  Expert validation testing aims to obtain valid data from an expert. This test uses a questionnaire that contains the application flow or rules.